La carte Türkmène...
Depuis le temps qu'on ne nous bassinait plus avec eux, on aurait presque cru qu'Ankara avait fini par admettre qu'il valait mieux être un Turkmène en "Irak Nord" qu'un Kurde en "Anatolie du Sud-est". On ne parle pas beaucoup des Turkmènes sur ce blog. Ce sont les descendants des soldats et dignitaires Ottomans dans la région, présents à Mossoul, Erbil, Kirkuk , et estimés entre 300 000 et 2 000 000 (voir plus si la discussion s'enflamme) selon le Irak Türkmen Cephesi (front turkmène irakien), organisation proche du MHP, ayant adopté le signe du loup, et détestant, mais alors détestant les Kurdes.
Le problème c'est que ce joyeux front türkmène a fait un résultat ridicule aux élections irakiennes et semble mal parti pour obtenir son "Türkmeneli" (pays des Turkmènes).
Il faut admettre qu'ils revendiquent quand même Erbil Mossul et Zakho. Je ne suis pas sur qu'il y ait le moindre Turkmène à Zakho, mais admettons. Les Turkmènes que j'ai pu voir à Erbil étaient très sympas, tenaient des hôtels, et parlaient kurde comme père et mère (et turc comme grand père et grand mère, très dur.)Les Turkmènes ont été effectivement opprimés par Saddam et par le royaume d'Irak avant lui, sommés de se considérer comme Arabe Chiite ou Sunnite lors des recensements. Celà sans la moindre espèce de début de commencement de réaction de la part d'Ankara. Il est de plus intéressant de noter qu’une partie de la minorité Turkmène s’est opposé à l’idée d’une intervention turque : Jawdat Al Najar, ministre turkmène au sein du GRK à Erbil est allé jusqu’à affirmerque « Les Turkmènes se battront contre les Turcs avec les Kurdes » évoquant le respect par les institutions kurdes des droits de sa minorité (enseignement de la langue, télévision,radio, publications…), ce qui contraste avec ceux des Kurdes de Turquie. Dans une interview donnée en décembre 2002, il dénonçait déjà les tentatives d’exploitation des Turcomans par Ankara, allant jusqu’à affirmer que la Turquie devrait appuyer aussi bien les Kurdes que les Turcomans et que « la terre des Turcomans est maintenant le Kurdistan ».106 En juillet 2003, le Front Turcoman s’est signalé en refusant de livrer ses armes interdites aux américains (le PDK et l’UPK étaient exemptés de cette mesure).
Une partie des Turcomans, de confession chiite, s’est même tournée vers les Arabes chiites radicaux de Mocktader al-Sadr et sont utilisés à Kirkuk pour alimenter la tension entre Turcomans, Arabes et Kurdes. Ankara a également échoué à imposer une représentation turcomane conséquente au sein du conseil de gouvernement irakien, en voulant absolument y introduire le Türkmen cephesi. Malgré les affrontements sporadiques entre Kurdes et Turcomans dans les villes de Kirkuk et Mossoul, il semblerait que les politiciens turcomans, lassés d’être instrumentalisés par la Turquie, se tournent vers l’autorité kurde au travers de ses trois représentants au conseil de gouvernement, Massoud Barzani, Jalal Talabani et Mahmud Osman (Dirigeant du Parti Socialiste du Kurdistan, PSK) pour faire passer leurs revendications face aux Arabes sunnites et chiites...
L'enjeu est évidemment de donner un prétexte à une intervention turque au kurdistan irakien: les Kurdes comptent bien récupérer Kirkuk après le referendum qui doit s'y tenir en Janvier. Ankara "déconseille" de tenir un tel réferendum, qui pourrait "allumer la guerre civile". Traduction, si 80% des habitants veulent être rattachés au Kurdistan, ca va péter.
Je ne peux pas résister à vous donner le lien "violations des droits de l'homme commise par le PDK" (contre les Turkmenes ont suppose). Une page blanche.
Le Front Turkmene Irakien affirme par ailleurs que les Turkmenes sont majoritaires à Kirkuk, et que si les Kurdes ont gagné les élections dans cette ville, c'est parce que des Kurdes déplacés par Saddam dans les années 60 sont revenus chez eux pour voter. Saddam avait donc tort en tentant d'arabiser les terres turkmènes, mais entièrement raison d'en chasser les Kurdes. De plus (j'en glousse tout seul) "seules 1938 familles kurdes et turkmenes ont été chassées de Kirkuk par le régime irakien", la preuve en étant "les archives du ministère au plan et du développement" (de Saddam donc!).
Je vous laisse découvrir la suite (en anglais), c'est un bonheur...
Allez quand même pour la bonne bouche
Sans vouloir nier le moins du monde que les forces de police Kurde ont pu commettre des abus contre les Turkmenes, j'avoue que la légende de cette photo vaut le détour."The following pictures are examples of the Kurdish police intimidation in Kirkuk. They were waving Kurdish flags in front of the polling stations and provoking the Turkmen voters."
C'est vrai que des moustachus qui dansent et qui rigolent en agitant un drapeau, c'est en effet très effrayant, et ca doit expliquer le score monstrueux du Front Turkmene à ces mêmes élections...
9 commentaires:
Contrairement à ce que vous écrivez le lien ne mène pas vers une "page blanche", il suffit de cliquer sur "Assimilation applied against Turkmens in Iraq"
http://www.kerkuk.net/eng/index.asp?id=3059&katagori=1&s=detay
Assimilation and Massacres applied against the Turkmen in Iraq kerkuk.net 18.07.2006
As will be described in more depth, the Turkmen people of Iraq have been undergoing decades of assimilation campaigns in their region and have been the targets of several wide-scale massacres since the 1920s. The first massacre occurred on May 4, 1924 and resulted in more than 100 Turkmen being killed and approximately 2,000 fleeing into exile.
In 1946, many Turkmen were killed and injured during the massacre of Gavurbagi. The three-day massacre of Kirkuk, which began on July 14, 1959, hit the Turkmen in the heart. Thirty-five Turkmen leaders and intellectuals were brutally massacred by the Kurdish separatists and more than 300 were wounded. During the 1991 uprising, hundreds of Turkmen were executed and thousands went missing.
That same year, Saddam Hussein’s Special Forces executed more than 135 Turkmen in the township of Altun Kopru. Their bodies were later found in a mass grave in Dibis, near Kirkuk. Many Turkmen intellectuals were also killed during the invasion of the Iraqi army into the city of Erbil in 1996. Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) had co-operated with the Iraqi army in order to regain power from the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). The two Kurdish parties were fighting over control of northern Iraq and Kirkuk. Many Turkmen also lost their lives in Erbil during attacks in 1998 and again in 2000, when the Iraqi Turkmen Front’s offices and buildings were ransacked.
Before the First World War, Mesopotamia was divided into three major provinces – Mosul (Vilayet), Baghdad and Basra – and was under Ottoman rule. In 1918, the country came under British occupation after the Ottoman army retreated to the province of Mosul, which it still controlled until Turkey’s post-war collapse in 1919. Following years of unrest, the Kingdom of Iraq was established in 1921 with the exiled King Faisal the First being recalled from Lebanon and crowned king of the new State of Iraq. A treaty of alliance was established and the kingdom became a British protectorate.
After the First World War, the Turkmen people of Iraq experienced significant political and social distress. Following an agreement signed by Turkey, Iraq and Britain on June 5, 1926 in Ankara, the country of Iraq was redrawn. As a result, the state of Mosul – including the cities of Kirkuk, Erbil, Sulaimaniyah and Mosul proper – were left to Iraqi soil.
The ensuing new political and geographical structures served to isolate the Turkmen and they were condemned to oblivion when their rights as an ethnic group in Iraq were eroded. They were excluded from the political arena and became segregated in an occupied land. Although the Turkmen had shown no enmity against the new government of Iraq, they suffered horrific experiences. Many community leaders and intellectuals were arrested and thousands were exiled as they were seen as remnants of the Ottoman Empire.
Without the support and protection of the ruling government, the Turkmen, a pacific people, were left to their faith. In hindsight, their inability to demand political and social equality at this early stage in the development of the new state of Iraq was an unforgettable mistake, one for which they would continue to suffer from into the 21st century.
The Massacre of May 4, 1924
In 1924, Nestorian militias or levies (missionary soldiers that followed the early Christian doctrine of the ancient Churches of the Middle East) were sent to Kirkuk, where they moved into the existing army barracks inside the city. The Nestorian soldiers had started intimidating the Turkmen citizens to create unrest in the city. Although complaints were made to the British army commander in Kirkuk regarding the intimidations, no action was taken
The Irregularities and fraudulences carried out by the Kurds in the Turkmen region during the Iraqi Elections ITF Press 16.02.2005
The Irregularities and fraudulences carried out by the Kurds in the Turkmen region during the Iraqi Elections
The Turkmen people of Iraq consisting 13% of Iraq’s total population were condemned to oblivion and subjected to atrocities during the tyrant regime of Saddam Hussein who ruled the country for over three decades. Restoring democracy and calling all Iraqi segments to live in peace and harmony under the Iraqi flag was the main objective of the Iraqi Turkmen Front established in April 24, 1995. ITF who relies on the power of people is the only political representative for more than 3.5 million Turkmen in Iraq. ITF is also calling for Iraq’s land and nation integrity.
Since April 09, 2003 the Turkmen people of Iraq were deprived of their political, cultural, social and national rights under the influence of forces trying to disintegrate Iraq. Despite all atrocities committed against the Turkmen they have decided to participate in the Iraqi Elections to restore democracy and to build a new Iraq where equity and human rights should preserved. However, despite all the efforts put by the Iraqi Turkmen Front to achieve fair and free successful elections the Kurds had committed widespread irregularities and fraudulences in the Turkmen region. The Kurds intention was to collect more voices to regain control of Kirkuk city and to prepare for the future referendum intending to annex the Turkmen city of Kirkuk to the so called Kurdistan.
The Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (IECI) has declared that the election was fair and clean but on contrary numerous irregularities and violations were encountered in the Turkmen region.
Based on the legal rights granted to the political parties and organization to submit their concerns to the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (IECI), Iraqi Turkmen front was managed to collect the following violations occurred during the elections process in Iraq in the Turkmen regions (Kirkuk, Erbil, Diyalah, Mosul and Salahaddin) and many other areas.
Irregularities:
1.Prior to the Iraqi elections approximately 300 thousands outsider Kurds were allowed to settle in Kirkuk under allegation that they were original inhabitants. The new settlers were originally Kurds brought by the (PUK) the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and (KDP) the Democratic Party of Kurdistan from Iran, Syria and north of Iraq. According to the official reports and collected information only 11876 Kurds were expelled from Kirkuk and vicinities by the former Iraqi regime. The Kurds intention in bringing the outsider Kurds into Kirkuk was to alter the demographical shape of the city and eventually to diminish the Turkmen population.
2.Kirkuk population until April 10th.2003 was approximately 880.000 and the number was increased to one million after the Kurdish invasion. Prior to the election the population was climbed to 1.200.000 indicating the abnormal increase due to the new Kurdish settlement.
3.Chief of the electoral Commission in Kirkuk Mr. Yahya Asi Al Hadidi determined the existence of over 73.000 illegal Kurds settled in Kirkuk. Mr. Yahya Asi Al Hadidi was forced to resign after receiving direct threats from KDP and PUK officials.
4.Prior to the elections the Iraqi Turkmen Front headquarters and offices were attacked by the Kurds and many guards were injured.
5.The Iraqi Turkmen Front Cultural Centre in Hay Al Askeri in Kirkuk was attacked by the Kurds and no injuries were reported. The Kurdish militia was attempting to arrest a Turkmen official at the same building.
6.Arabs who lived for centuries in Kirkuk along with Turkmen refused to participate in the election and boycotted the IECI who permitted more than 100.000 outsider Kurds to participate in the elections.
7.A member of Iraqi Turkmen Front was attacked by the Kurdish militia in Al Jumhuriya Street while sticking election posters.
8.Thousands of Turkmen families were denied pre- registration according to the Food rationing cards.
9.The Iraqi Turkmen Front logo was intentionally deleted from the candidate names booklet. The Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (IECI) had to collect all distributed booklets and stuck a new ITF logo with different color (purple and black where the original color is blue and white).
10.Turkmen language was not permitted in all election process and materials such as posters, ballot papers, instructions, badges, and etc. Despite all the efforts by ITF to use Turkmen language only Arabic and Kurdish was used beside English.
11.The Kurds have violated IECI election rule and regulations by hanging the Kurdish coalition list posters on the walls of the governmental buildings in Kirkuk and other regions.
12.Mr. Sermet Kerkuklu a member of Turkmeneli Student and Youth organization was seriously injured after attacked by Kurdish militia while he was distributing election pamphlets. Mr. S. Kerkuklu was admitted to the hospital for his injuries.
13.Provocative declarations made by both KDP and PUK leaders had raised the tension in Kirkuk prior to the elections. Mesut Barzani the KDP leader declared a war against the people of Kirkuk. He insisted that Kirkuk is a Kurdish city and they are ready to fight for it. Human Rights Minister in Barzani government Dr. Muhammed Ihsan declared that Kirkuk issue is a Kurdish issue and belongs to the so called Kurdistan. Hushyar Zebari the Kurdish Iraqi interim government Foreign Minister declared that Kirkuk issue is an Iraqi internal issue. Burhum Salih the Kurdish deputy Prime Minister also declared Kirkuk as a Kurdish city upon his latest visit to Kirkuk. Officially the Kurds occupying high positions in the Iraqi interim government should remain independent and were obligated to work for the sake of Iraq in general. They should stop initiating provocative acts and declarations.
14.A prominent Turkmen writer Ekrem Tuzlu was attacked upon leaving the Turkmeneli TV where he called people to vote for the Turkmen coalition list 175. He was taken to the hospital with many injuries.
15.Despite imposing a curfew in Kirkuk and preventing cars to enter the city from all directions a huge number of Kurds from the provinces of Erbil and Suleymaniyah have been brought to Kirkuk, at the initiative and under the supervision of the local branch of the "PUK", where they have been accommodated in the Schools of Rahim Awa and in numerous private Kurdish family homes. All these people have been allowed to register and vote in Kirkuk and also were permitted to register and vote in Erbil and Suleymaniyah as well.
16.The Kurds in Rahim Awa district and Kurds brought from Erbil and Suleymaniyah have voted more then once. Some voted more than 5 times in different voting stations without inking their fingers. These irregularities have been committed under the supervision of Kurdish election supervisors.
17.The election supervisors and assessors were all Kurdish in majority Kurdish populated districts such as Rahim Awa, Shourja and Imam Kasim in contradiction with the election rules and laws.
18.A considerable number of underage Kurds were permitted to vote in Manjouli School located behind the old Al Karama security building in Rahim Awa. Similar situations occurred in Arafa election centers.
19.A number of Kurds have used their deceased relative’s papers to vote in the election center at Assiri School located behind the Andalus police station of Rahim Awa district. A Kurdish voter called Mr. Hussain Saber voted on behalf of his father called Saber Abu Al Dajaj who passed away many years ago.
20.About 3000 members of the Iraqi National Guard (ING) of Kurdish origin have been allowed to vote more than once. The ING were originally Kurdish Peshmerga fighters turned to become security forces in Kerkuk. They were allowed to vote once at the election center close to their place of duty and the second time at the election centers of their residency places.
21.In the city of Erbil where over 350.000 Turkmen live, tens of thousands of Turkmen voters were forced to use lead pencils instead of using ballpoint pens or markers to cast their vote. Thousands of Turkmen votes were accredited to the Kurdish coalition list 130 without the presence of International and non Kurdish observers.
22.Many Turkmen in Erbil were forced to vote for the Kurdish coalition list 130 after receiving direct threats from KDP.
23.The Kurds refused to vote for the Kurdish coalition list 130 in Erbil, Suleymaniyah and Dahouk were pronounced traitors by PUK and KDP.
24.Despite the Arab inhabitants absence from the elections in the two villages of Maftul Al Saghir and Maftul Al Kabir of Tuz Khurmatu region it has been announced that the inhabitants of these two villages have voted 100% for Kurdish coalition list 130.
25.Voting in Kurdish dominated regions in Kirkuk province and Tuz Khurmatu continued for hours after 5 pm the official closing time. Observers from non Kurdish parties who objected to these irregularities have been badly treated and insulted by the members of the National Guards. Many observers have been kicked out of the election centers under machine gun threats.
26.The National Guards of Kurdish origin manipulated the election results after taking control of election centers of Sulayman Bek, a town in the Tuz Khurmatu region, where the inhabitants are Turkmen and Arabs. It was found that all the votes of this town have been counted for the Kurdish coalition list 130 .
27.Eight new spontaneous voting centers have been opened in Kirkuk on the day of the elections, 30th of January 2005 without the consent of the Election Commission in Kirkuk. More than 3000 heavily armed peshmergas from Suleymaniyah province were brought into Kirkuk in order to guard these improvised voting centers.
28.Kirkuk police consisted of different ethnic groups was prevented to perform their duty during the Elections day. They were prevented from approaching improvised voting centers. The following are the names of schools (voting centers) which were not issued by the Election Commission in Kirkuk:
a- Goran School
b- Alaa School
c- Imam Qasim Industrial School
d- Mamosta Rashad martyr School
e- Mahabad School
f- Imam Qasim School
g- Iskan School
h- 11th of April School
29.Insufficient ballot papers in many election centers in the Turkmen region and especially in Kirkuk has prevented a great number of Turkmen from voting. This matter caused many voting centers in Kirkuk and other Turkmen region to close earlier, before 5 pm. It is been declared that ballot papers were stolen by the ING the only force allowed at night in Kirkuk and vicinities. This effectively has occurred in the Atabegler School election center in `The 1st March' district of Kirkuk.
30.The location of some election centers in Turkmen districts in Kirkuk was moved to Kurdish districts one day before the elections day. These centers were relocated to predominantly Kurdish districts in order to prevent Turkmen voters to travel to Kurdish regions. For instant, the location of Al Wakeel Muhammed Ali Sadiq election centre supposedly to be installed in Marrakesh school has been moved to Assiri School located in a predominantly Kurdish area.
31.The election centers in majority of Kurdish inhabitants in Rahim Awa have opened at 6 am (one hour earlier than the official opening time) in order to facilitate the Kurds who have lately been brought to Kirkuk from Suleymaniyah and Erbil to vote. This action was well organized by the PUK and KDP in order to increase the Kurdish votes in the disputed city.
32.Two ballot boxes belonging to the election center located at Abi Tammam School have been stolen, most probably by the ING Kurdish forces.
33.Intrusion of groups of people affiliated with some Kurdish associations and organizations in several election centers in order to disturb voting process and intimidate Turkmen voters. Kurdish associations known as "Komala 63 Kirkuk" have intimidated Turkmen voters and distributed pamphlets to prevent Turkmen from voting using physical threats. The ballot counting in Arafa district was manipulated by the same group. It is been noted that the Kurds in Kirkuk are the only armed segment in the city.
34.The insufficient number of election centers in the city of Telafer has prevented a great number of Turkmen electors from voting. Only two election centers were opened in a city with population of over 400.000 Turkmen. The long distance between the election centers and voters residences, Military operations, bombing the city particularly at the day of election and using force by the ING have discouraged and prevented thousands of Turkmen to vote.
35.The intentional absence of ballot boxes from the towns of Aliyadhiya and Muhallabiyya and the villages surrounding them in the Telafer region had prevented at least 20.000 Turkmen voters to participate in the elections.
36.The ballot boxes were stolen in the town of Mansuriyyah which prevented more than 3000 Turkmen electors to vote. The ING is to be blamed for the incident.
37.The polling center in the Turkmen village of Bir Ahmet was ordered to open at 10:00 am by the peshmerga groups and was closed earlier at 3.30 pm. The Kurdish Militia took the ballot boxes to an unknown location under allegation that American forces required the boxes. The same ballot boxes were returned to the Election Commission the next day after being accredited for the Kurdish coalition list 130.
38.The Kurds forcibly dominated the election process in the Turkmen region by using threats and intimidations. Hundreds of Kurds were employed by the electoral commission and while most of the Turkmen were excluded. A few Turkmen were selected for this election of utmost importance and those who were selected as election employees and observers have been forced out of the election centers before the official closing time. They were also forced by peshmergas to leave before closing and sealing the ballot boxes.
39.Fully collaboration was noticed between PUK and KDP officials and the election employees and observers in most election centers in the Kurdish districts. This action resulted in fraudulent and irregularities.
40.Despite the total ban imposed for all vehicles circulation in Iraq only the Kurds were allowed to move in Kurdish districts particularly in Rahim awa exhibiting Kurdish flags, singing Kurdish national anthem and shouting provocative propaganda slogans against the Turkmen in Kirkuk. The ING force was kept unvoiced concerning the intimidations.
41.The election employees in Rahim Awa election centers have prevented voters to vote for other than Kurdish lists, pretending that the law forbids Kurds from voting for a non Kurdish list.
42.The Kurds have used non official ballot papers other than which were distributed to all voters listed in the food rationing cards. This was noticed in several election centers in Kurdish region in Kirkuk. Many unofficial stamped papers were used extensively as ballot paper in the Wasiti election center. Food rationing cards were established by the former regime during UN economic sanctions.
43.More than one ballot paper in several election stations were given to each Kurdish voter in the Kurdish districts by the election employees. Some election observers in these centers were threatened upon spreading the news.
44.Turkmeneli TV cameraman Abdullah Ziyaeldin was taken into custody while he was filming some irregularities in Rahim awa election centre. His camera was totally destroyed and he was physically abused by the peshmergas.
45.Despite the ban imposed by the security forces in Kirkuk to circulate between towns and localities on the Election Day and the day before, the roads between Kirkuk and Erbil, Kirkuk and Suleymaniyah were kept functioning and allowing tens of thousands of Kurds to flow into Kirkuk without any restrictions. This had facilitated in voting more than once. All these irregularities and facilitations have been organized under the supervision of Kurdish General Shirko Shakir, the police chief in Kirkuk, and Kurdish General Anwar, the Commander of National Guards.
46.150 election official badges were designated for election officials’ vehicles in the province of Kirkuk but only 50 badges have been handed over by Mr Ismail Al Hadidi the Deputy Governor of Kirkuk to Mr. Ibrahim the director of the Election Commission in Kirkuk. The remaining badges and circulation permits have been given to individuals circulating in vehicles belonging to the security department of Suleymaniyah province (known as ASAYISH). Mr Ismail Al Hadidi the Deputy Governor of Kirkuk is known for his affiliation with the Kurds. He participated in the elections with the Kurdish Coalition list 130.
47.Turkmen electors were prevented by the ING Kurdish forces in the election process in Kirkuk and Leylan. It is known internationally that police is to serve and protect but has different meaning among the ING Kurdish forces in Iraq.
48.In the Turkmen towns of Yengija and Bastamli, Kurdish militia members collected the ballot boxes and were taken away to an unknown location following the instructions supposedly given to them by the Americans. 18 ballot boxes were taken from Yengija town alone and one box was found dropped on the street and all ballot papers were dispersed. The boxes were brought back to the Election Commission after many hours leading us to a conclusion that the ballot papers have been altered for the Kurds advantage.
49.A Kurdish officer from the security department of Suleymaniyah (asayish) known as " Kak TARIQ" has been appointed as deputy director of the Election Commission in Tuz Khurmatu the day of the election. The last minute nomination of some Kurdish individuals as officials for the elections have influenced and caused irregularities during the elections.
50.Mr Mumtaz AHMAD the director of the election center of Ibn Khaldoon has been
attacked by members from the Kurdish security forces “asayish”. He has detained at the same election centre. The asayish taking control of the same centre has stolen the ballot boxes and returned them the next day with one ballot box missing. This will also indicate with no doubt that the ballot papers were manipulated and modified for the sake of Kurdish coalition list 130.
51.Irregularities, physical assault and aggression against election officials, illegal segregation, manipulation of ballot papers, and confiscation of ballot boxes were among the intimidation methods used by the Kurds to prevent the Turkmen voters to vote.
52.The voters list not used for the Kurdish coalition 130 were destroyed in Erbil, Kirkuk, Mosul and Diyalah. This action caused losses in Turkmen voices in the Turkmen region totally controlled by the Kurdish militia forces.
53.Three polling stations in Musalla and Tisin were raided by the ING Kurdish forces and ballot boxes were taken to unknown location.
54.Turkmen and Arab candidates were missing from the election lists in many areas in Kirkuk such as Hay I Adar, Tareek Baghdad and Tisin.
55.Kurdish militia were carrying election badges written in Kurdish language and trying to intimidate the Turkmen voters while approaching voting centers.
56.A prominent Turkmen lady and a candidate in Turkmen Front coalition list Mrs. LABIBA KERKUKLY was seriously beaten by the Kurdish militia in Kirkuk private secondary School in Arafa. The Kurdish militia has taken the ballot boxes to unknown location after deleting the Turkmen Front Coalition name from the election list.
57.According to Watan information centre in Iraq the following irregularities were counted after conducting interviews with some observers and assessors:
1.According to Mr. Ali Aydin Jalil an observer in Abi Tammam Altai School election centre two ballot boxes were stolen from the same location at night. Also a group of Kurdish Militia had put some extra ballot boxes outside the same ballot station for the Kurds under allegation that the Kurds would vote to determine the future of Kirkuk and annex it to the so called Kurdistan.
2.According to Mrs. Guler Baker Hassan an observer in Alsadir High School election center that the ING Kurdish militia was voted twice. A fight broke out between one of the observers trying to prevent the Kurdish militia to vote more than once and the Kurdish presiding officer in the centre.
3.According to Mr. Nihat Baker Amin an observer in Al Musalla high School election station in Musalla district detected irregularities on ballot boxes No. 31912 and 31907 for municipal election and boxes No. 31309 and 31906 for general elections. Mr. Ali Amin Wali a Kurdish instructor in the same election centre station number four was handing over more that one ballot papers to the Kurds. At the same time Kurdish officials from out of Kirkuk were in charge of organizing the elections and instructing the Kurds in voting process.
4.According to Imad Muhammed Samin an observer in election centre 381 that ballot boxes No.39934, 39933, 39932, and 39931 from Muhammed Alsadik election centre were transferred to unknown location.
5.Mr. Hussien Abbas Hamid Beg an observer in Muhammed Alsadik election centre had detected irregularities in ballot boxes designated for general elections No.144575, 144576, 144577, 144578, and 144579 and ballot boxes for municipal elections No.144571, 144572, 144573, 14457 under seal number 14458. He also indicated that groups from different Kurdish political parties were entered the station with no permission from the electoral commission directing people to vote for the Kurdish coalition list 130. Election regulations do not permit propaganda activities inside polling stations.
6.Mr. Najat Saed Zaynal an observer in Menjue election centre located at the back of Al Karama Security building declared that the Turkmen registrars and observers were kicked out of the polling station after 5:00 pm and only Kurds remained to count the ballots. The Kurdish observers at the same station were encouraging people to vote for the Kurdish Coalition list 130 and also allowed underage people to vote.
7.Mr. Nejdet Mardan Mustafa an observer in Izdihar High School election centre had detected irregularities in ballot boxes No. 40440 designated for the general elections. He noted also that the Kurdish Militia was distributing 50 USD for people voting for Kurdish coalition list 130 in front of the election centers where they put private tents. Mr. N. Mardan indicated also that extra five Kurds were employed in the same election centre without the permission of the Iraqi election Committee.
8.Mr. Faruk Aswad Muhyaddin an observer from Zubeyir Bin Awwam School election centre indicated that Kurdish observers have allowed Kurds to use illegal papers in voting.
9.Mr. Omar Taher Muhammed an observer in Muhammed Sadek female elementary School had detected the following irregularities in the ballot boxes No. 0173256, 0173257 and 0173258 :
a.The Kurdish groups holding green and yellow badges were forcing people to vote for the Kurdish Coalition list 130.
b.At 10:00 pm Mr.Omar Taher had noticed the presence of the same Kurdish group green and yellow badge holders in the election centre after forcing the non Kurdish registrars and observers to leave the station at 5:00 pm. Green badge holders are representing PUK and yellow color representing KDP.
c.Kurdish observers have allowed Kurdish voters to vote for the other Kurds who could not come to vote.
d.Many Kurds were voted more than once for Kurdish Coalition list 130 despite using voting ink on their index finger.
58.In Al Hawija town where majority are Arabs only several ballot boxes in capacity of 20.000 voters were sent and 60.000 voters were deprived from voting. The Kurds alleged that Arabs in Al Hawija might vote for the Turkmen.
59.Adequate ballot Papers have not been sent to the Turkmen regions.
60.Many Ballot boxes were taken into the Kurdish tent camp in Kenar district in Kirkuk and thousands of votes were illegally added. This situation was detected by the Zaman Turkish newspaper correspondent Mr. Kursat Bayhan in Kirkuk on February 02.2005 while interviewing some Kurds at the same camp. Kurds also informed the correspondent that they were not originally from Kirkuk as well as the others. They were brought from Baghdad, Suleymaniyah, Erbil and Iran.
61.Turkmen in Erbil city were prevented from performing propaganda activities for the Turkmen Front Coalition list 175. Many Turkmen posters were damaged and destroyed by Kurdish Militia forces.
62.Obvious increase in the population of the following regions due to the participation of the outsider Kurds coming from Erbil and Suleymaniyah in the elections:
Name of region Original population Population during elections
Township of Altun Kopru 11560 17711
Township of Shiwan 2442 9566
Township of Kara Incir 3382 11206
Azadi district (Kirkuk) 23200 90648
Rahimawa district (Kirkuk) 20.000 76.149
It was noticed after calculation that 84.112 outsider Kurds were participated in the elections in Kirkuk in the four regions mentioned above.
63.Only Kurds were allowed to enter the Ballot counting center located in Food Depot Centre in Hay Al Wasiti while Turkmen and Arabs were excluded.
64.Absence of the International observers in Kirkuk.
65.The Iraqi Electoral Commission admitted the irregularities conducted in several Iraqi provinces through press release and Media announcements. According to IECI spokesperson Dr. Farid Ayar irregularities have been detected in Kirkuk and Mosul. He blamed some armed groups in forcing the ballot change and bribing the officials to send the altered ballot boxes to Baghdad for counting.
66.Mr. Saip Zaman, a Turkmen Major in Leylan was detained for eight days by the ING forces when he was trying to prevent the peshmergas entering the township of Leylan to manipulate the elections.
67.Under supervision of PUK and KDP the PKK members (Kurds from Turkey) have also participated in the Iraqi elections. The posters of their captured leader Abdullah Ocalan have been posted in many districts in Kirkuk. Thousands of Kurds from Turkey were settled in Kirkuk as a part of the Kurdish project to change the Turkmen identity of the city.
Representations of Iraqi Turkmen Front
Je vous invite à vous rendre sur le site suivant:
http://www.turkmen.nl/
pour être mieux informé sur les Turkmènes d'Irak.
Les Turkmènes sont la troisième ethnie qui avec les Arabes et les Kurdes compose le peuple irakien, pour des raisons géopolitiques et économiques ils ont été marginalisés en Irak depuis la fin de la première guerre mondiale étant donné que leur région TURKMENELI contient d’importantes ressources pétrolières, notamment dans les provinces de Kirkouk et de Mossoul.
La marginalisation et la discrimination des Turkmènes continuent aujourd’hui, même après le changement de régime, étant donné que lors de la rédaction de la constitution ils ont été considérés comme « minorité » et non comme « ethnie ou communauté principale » composant le peuple irakien, alors qu’ils représentent 13% de la population en Irak.
En effet, depuis l’invasion de l’Irak en 2003, leurs droits sont usurpés par les partis kurdes qui cherchent à s’approprier la ville de Kirkouk afin d’annexer la province de Kirkouk à la région autonome kurde.
Les Turkmènes dénoncent cette discrimination flagrante et luttent pour obtenir leurs droits légitimes, ils demandent la révision de la constitution pour qu’ils soient enfin reconnus comme la troisième communauté en Irak avec les mêmes droits et les mêmes devoirs que leurs compatriotes arabes et kurdes.
Comité de Défense des Droits des Turkmènes Irakiens
Ci-dessous la traduction du Communiqué du Front Turkmène Irakien qui représente les Turkmènes en Irak:
COMMUNIQUE
Le Front Turkmène Irakien (ITC) est né en 1994 de la conscience du peuple turkmène en Irak, pour sensibiliser et rassembler les Turkmènes sous le même toit, les unifier autour des mêmes objectifs afin de mieux les représenter au niveau national, de faire entendre leurs voix aussi bien au niveau national en Irak qu’au niveau international, de défendre leurs droits aussi bien individuels en tant que citoyens irakiens à part entière que leurs droits collectifs et communautaires en tant que troisième communauté constituante du peuple irakien avec les Arabes et les Kurdes et troisième groupe ethnique d’Irak.
Le Front Turkmène Irakien conscient de ses responsabilités vis-à-vis des Turkmènes d’Irak, s’est engagé à fond dans le processus politique en Irak en 2005 étant donné que le pays se trouvait en situation critique et que le peuple irakien bien que vivant des moments difficiles, était appelé à voter trois fois cette année là. Deux fois pour des élections législatives et une autre fois pour le référendum relatif à l’approbation de la nouvelle constitution ‘permanente’.
Le Front Turkmène Irakien s’est engagé en tant que groupement des partis politiques turkmènes lors de la première élection législative et lors du référendum, mais il s’est lancé seul en tant que parti politique turkmène lors de la deuxième élection législative pour démontrer sa maturité politique, prouver sa popularité parmi les Turkmènes et mesurer sa représentativité en Irak.
La préoccupation majeure des Turkmènes et de leurs partis politiques aujourd’hui est le statut de Kirkouk et l’avenir de cette ville.
Le Front Turkmène Irakien refuse catégoriquement l’annexion de Kirkouk à la région du nord de l’Irak. Il déclare que dans les conditions présentes même le référendum prévu pour la fin de 2007 concernant l’avenir de cette ville ne peut résoudre le problème étant donné que les arrangements partisans qui ont été faits et les décisions qui ont été prises concernant l’avenir de cette ville sont contradictoires et dépourvus de base juridique légale.
Comme on le sait, l’Irak est sous occupation étrangère depuis le 9 avril 2003, les autorités de l’occupation étrangère ont gouverné le pays directement jusqu’au 8 mars 2004 et à partir de cette date durant les 18 mois suivants à l’aide d’une série de mesures et décisions arbitraires qu’elles ont mises ensemble et appelées ‘lois administratives provisoires’ une constitution provisoire en quelque sorte qu’elles ont imposée au peuple irakien sans vote ni approbation.
Par la suite une nouvelle constitution appelée ‘permanente’ a été préparée en hâte puis mise au vote par référendum le 15 octobre 2005 sans débats ni explications sur son contenu, elle fut acceptée dans des conditions plus que discutables vu la situation générale d’insécurité dans le pays.
Cette constitution approuvée par le peuple dans des conditions difficiles fait actuellement l’objet de multiples contestations étant donné ses imperfections qu’il faut réviser.
Les injustices et erreurs qui avaient été commises à l’égard des Turkmènes d’Irak dans la constitution ‘provisoire’ ont été répétées dans la nouvelle constitution ‘permanente’ et les droits des Turkmènes continuent d’être ouvertement usurpés.
En effet, les autorités d’occupation ont commis une grave erreur concernant le nombre des Turkmènes en Irak et elles se sont montrées particulièrement injustes à leur égard lorsqu’elles ont décidé de les classer dans la catégorie des ‘minorités’ alors que les Turkmènes sont en réalité le troisième groupe ethnique important d’Irak et la troisième communauté principale qui compose le peuple irakien avec les Arabes et les Kurdes. De ce fait les Turkmènes subissent une discrimination, sont de nouveau marginalisés et sont victimes de graves préjudices puisque le statut des « minorités » dans la constitution provisoire est nettement inférieur à celui des « communautés ».
Malheureusement, les injustices commises à l’encontre des Turkmènes par les autorités d’occupation dans la constitution ‘provisoire’ sont passées ipso facto dans la nouvelle constitution dite ‘permanente’ et cette dernière approuvée le 15 octobre 2005 continue de les considérer comme une ‘minorité’, c'est-à-dire des citoyens de deuxième classe. D’où la nécessité de réviser cette nouvelle constitution.
Les Turkmènes rejettent cette qualification vexante car ils n’ont jamais été une minorité en Irak
La constitution ‘provisoire’, malgré ses nombreux défauts et ses injustices vis-à-vis des Turkmènes, leur avait quand même accordé, dans son article n° 53, quelques droits dans les domaines administratifs, culturels et politiques. Quant au problème que pose la ville de Kirkouk notamment son appartenance et son avenir, ce même article stipulait que Kirkouk au même titre que la capitale Bagdad resterait ‘indépendante’ et ne ferait partie d’aucune région autonome.
Malheureusement, cet article n° 53 de la constitution ‘provisoire’ n’a pas été repris dans la nouvelle constitution ‘permanente’, il a été dilué et l’article n° 58 qui traitait du problème de déplacement forcé des Turkmènes et des Kurdes de Kirkouk par le régime précédent a été repris et incorporé dans l’article n° 140 qui traite de l’avenir de Kirkouk, prévoyant sa normalisation, le retour des déplacés, le recensement de ses habitants et finalement la tenue d’un référendum pour décider de son incorporation ou non dans la région autonome kurde..
C’est ainsi que par des manœuvres de certains partis, la nouvelle constitution dans sa forme actuelle hypothèque non seulement l’avenir de la ville de Kirkouk mais elle porte atteinte aux droits légitimes de tous les Turkmènes d’Irak.
Selon les registres officiels le nombre d’habitants de Kirkouk qui ont été déplacés de cette ville par le régime précédent est en dessous de 12.000 alors que le nombre de Kurdes qui ont été amenés et installés à Kirkouk depuis l’invasion américaine dépasse déjà le nombre de 600.000. Il est évident que la grande majorité de ces Kurdes ne sont pas originaires de Kirkouk, ils ont été amenés et enregistrés en tant que résidents de cette ville dans le cadre d’un programme kurde visant à modifier la démographie de cette ville turkmène en vue du prochain recensement et du référendum qui doit avoir lieu en décembre 2007.
Tout projet ou arrangement politique, toute idée ou acte politique dont le but final serait la division de l’Irak est inacceptable pour nous Turkmènes irakiens. Par contre, si l’on veut que la raison et la tolérance triomphent en Irak il faut alors chercher leurs adresses chez nous Turkmènes car nous les représentons aujourd’hui encore dans notre pays.
Les droits légitimes des Turkmènes en Irak ne peuvent être subordonnés et laissés à la merci de quelques individus ou au bon vouloir de certains groupes. La ville de Kirkouk ne doit pas être utilisée ni comme un instrument de marchandage ni comme une marchandise pour un référendum. Kirkouk doit rester une ville irakienne et elle doit avoir un statut spécial comme celui de Bagdad. Les mesures nécessaires et compatibles avec les règles démocratiques seront prises pour lui assurer ce statut et pour éliminer les injustices commises contres les Turkmènes partout dans leur région ‘Turkmeneli’ en Irak.
Aujourd’hui nous sommes privés de nos droits démocratiques et empêchés de poursuivre nos activités politiques à Erbil. Les Turkmènes d’Erbil souffrent sous l’oppression des autorités locales. A Telafer, autre grande ville turkmène, nous faisons face à un sérieux problème d’insécurité et nous demandons que les autorités irakiennes interviennent pour améliorer les conditions de vie et de sécurité de ses habitants en renvoyant les nouveaux arrivants de cette ville.
Nous demandons au gouvernement irakien de revoir les statuts administratifs de nos deux grandes villes Telafer et Tuzhurmatu où habitent un grand nombre de Turkmènes et de les déclarer provinces irakiennes.
Nous poursuivrons la lutte pour récupérer et défendre nos droits légitimes en Irak et pour maintenir notre unité dans notre région Turkmeneli. Nous continuerons à travailler pour que la concorde et l’harmonie règnent entre toutes les communautés qui composent le peuple irakien. Nous informerons les opinions publiques irakienne et internationale de tout développement futur car l’Irak est notre pays à tous, nous l’aimons, son unité est notre objectif et son avenir nous tient à coeur.
L'auteur du texte d'origine est un kurdophile convaincu et tant mieux pour lui. La paix aux Kurdes....mais cette paix ne doit pas se faire au détriment des Turkmènes d'Irak. Leur nombre voire leur existence est niée en Occident. Quelles en sont les raisons? A mon avis il y en a plusieurs :
Si l'Occident considère la réalité Turkmène il donnerait de facto raison aux Turcs qui veulent défendre, pour des raisons multiples, leurs frères d'Irak.
Par ailleurs, l'existence des Turkmènes, qu'ils soient 2 ou 3 millions est non négligeable. Ils sont divisés en sunnites et chiites, mais se réunissent de plus en plus face aux atrocités commises par les milices kurdes soutenues par les américains à Telafer ou à Kirkouk.
Enfin, je rapelle à l'auteur, que les Turkmènes en Irak sont antérieurs pour la pluspart d'entre eux, aux Ottomans, ils ont défendus le Califat de Bagdad dès le VIII et IX ème siècle. Ils étaient les Ghazis des Cailfes, l'Epée....
N'instrumentalisez pas l'Histoire au nom d'une phobie anti-turque.
Bonjour
Merci pour ces précisions historiques. Il va de soi que je ne saurais être "anti-türkmène" (étant bien content qu'ils existent puisque c'étaient les seuls à Erbil à qui je pouvais parler en turc! pour la phobie anti-turc d'un turcophile comme moi, je vous invite à explorer ce blog!!!). J'ai par contre le plus grand mépris pour le Front Turkmène Irakien, manipulé par les pires couches de l'Etat profond turc. Il ne représente pas la population turkmène d'irak... les Türkmènes savent de plus ce que vaut la brusque amitié d'Ankara, qui les a laissé se faire massacrer par le royaume puis le régime irakien, ne s'intéressant à eux qu'après l'autonomie du Kurdistan en 1991...
Quand à la réunion des Turkmènes, j'ai cru comprendre que les turkmènes chiites avaient tendance à s'allier aux arabes chiites, les sunnites faisant de même de leur côté...
Vous serez de plus d'accord, je pense, qu'il vaut mieux pour les turkèmenes vivre au Kurdistan (à condition que celui ci respecte leurs droits) que dans l'Irak Arabe...
MAis vous êtes fatiguant à la fin...
"invasion du nord de l'irak", vous êtes un marrant... ce nord de l'irak se nomme officiellement région du kurdistan d'irak d'après la constitution, et c'est ce qu'on a tamponné sur mon passeport quand je m'y suis rendu.
je reste d'accord avec le point 7 par contre...
votre point 5 est d'une rare connerie. Les partis turkèmenes ne se sont meme pas présentés dans la plupart des villes du Kurdistan, et n'ont ramassé qu'une poignée de voix dans les autres, dans des élections considérées comme libre par la communauté internationale. Je ne vois personne accepter que le Turkmen Cephesi ait son mot à dire dans les affaires du Kurdistan
Que de contradictions! Vous voulez une région turkèmene autonome, mais un gouvernement irakien centralisé annulant l'autonomie des kurdes, vous accusez les partis kurdes des pires crimes sans références aux crimes des arabes chiites sunnites contre les turkèmenes.
en gros vous êtes bien plus anti-kurde que pro-turkmène... :)
Je souhaite que cette communauté puisse vivre en paix au kurdistan, et comme elle peut au sud de la ligne de séparation entre le Kurdistan et le reste de votre bel irak
D'ailleurs, en 2003 le Irak Turkmen Cephesi revendiquait 2 000 000 de Turkmène, ce qui fait déja 3 ou 4 fois la population estimée...
quelle natalité en 3 ans! et on accuse les kurdes de trop faire d'enfant... encore un effort et vous serez plus nombreux qu'eux!
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